by Lois Beckett, ProPublica
Oct. 25, 2011, 12:27 p.m.
At first glance, the synchronized protests that took place in more than 900 cities around the globe on Oct. 15 seemed to indicate that Occupy Wall Street had achieved a kind of worldwide resonance.
But the truth is more complex. Many of the protests elsewhere grew out of movements that pre-date Occupy Wall Street and out of frustrations that, though similar in some ways, are also specific to their countries.
Here’s a look at the origins, demands and affects of five of these global protests, as well as the criticism they’ve faced.
In Chile, Students Protesting for Free Education Occupy Schools
The Santiago protest in
solidarity with Occupy Wall Street took place during a week of ongoing national demonstrations. Since May, Chilean students have been
staging protests demanding that the government make education free to all.
Secondary school students have occupied their schools,
sleeping on the floor and holding their own classes. Last week, protesting students
occupied Chile’s senate building in Santiago.
Hundreds of thousands of people have participated in marches over the past six months. At
times, the
protests have become violent, with police using tear gas and water cannons on the protesters, and “masked assailants”
setting fire to a city bus.
Opinion polls show
more than 80 percent of Chile’s citizens support the protesting students, who also have the backing of
labor unions and teachers. Government officials,
including the president, have
resisted the demands, saying the government cannot afford to pay for education for all students.
In Israel, a Summer Protest Against Rent Prices, Cost of Living
Protesters in Tel Aviv returned Oct. 15 to
Rothschild Boulevard, the site of a summer occupation that
prefigured the Occupy Wall Street movement.
During those demonstrations, which began July 14, hundreds of people set up tents along the most prestigious street in Tel Aviv’s financial district to
protest the high cost of rent. Government ministers mocked the protesters, calling them
“sushi-eaters” and “nargila [hookah] smokers with guitars.”
But over two months, demonstrations against Israel’s high cost of living brought out a record-breaking numbers of participants. A march on Sept. 3 drew
450,000 people, or
roughly six percent of Israel’s population. In response, Israel’s prime minister proposed reforms, and, when they were rejected as insufficient, assembled a task force to consider ways to
improve the standard of living for Israel’s middle class.
Tel Aviv’s tent city was dismantled earlier this month.
In Spain, High Youth Unemployment Rate Sparks Tent Occupations
The idea for a global day of protest on Oct. 15 was originally proposed by participants in Spain’s 15-M or “Los Indignados” movement.
The “indignados” movement began in May, when hundreds of protesters set up tents in Madrid’s historic Puerta del Sol, and others gathered elsewhere to protest Spain’s
extremely high unemployment. Overall, unemployment was at more than 20 percent, and
youth unemployment was at nearly 50 percent. On Oct. 15, tens of thousands of protesters gathered in
Madrid,
Barcelona and
Seville.
Like the Wall Street protesters, protesters in Spain
faced criticism for having no clear demands and using the protest
as an excuse for a big party. Madrid’s tent city, which largely disbanded in June, was leaderless and had a legal advice tent, a library, a kitchen set up to prepare donated food. It also had a general assembly where participants
made decisions through consensus on issues such as how to deal with police or complaints from neighbors. Some neighboring merchants were not enthused about the occupation, but,
as in New York, the
24-hour pizzeria didn’t seem to mind.
In the UK, Occupation Follows Protests on Education Cuts, Riots Over Police Brutality
Over the past year, the UK has seen
major student protests over rising school fees, as well as
violent riots and looting this August after
a young black man from a low-income neighborhood was killed by the police.
In comparison with the
roughly 50,000 protesters who turned out last November to
demonstrate against tuition increases, the
Occupy London Stock Exchange movement is small: an
estimated 600 people are camped out by St. Paul’s Cathedral, and a smaller cluster have gathered near London’s Royal Bank of Scotland and JP Morgan buildings. (At times,
an estimated 2,000 protesters have gathered at the encampment. There also have been
smaller protests in other cities across the UK.)
The encampment has prompted
the closure of St. Paul’s Cathedral, which is reported to be considering legal action to dislodge the protesters.
Like those in New York, the Occupy London protesters have been criticized—
by the Mayor of London, among others—for not having a clear set of demands. A Guardian reporter who spent a few days at the encampment reported that “a few of the key facilitators in last winter’s student protests haven’t come down” because “
they’re not sure it’s radical enough.”
But the reporter, Patrick Kingsley, concluded that
the lack of demands may be part of the point: “If anything, the camp itself is their demand, and their solution: the stab at an alternative society that at least aims to operate without hierarchy, and with full, participatory democracy. And to be fair, in its small way, it kind of works,” he wrote.
In Germany, a Country Less Burdened by the Financial Crisis, Protest May Reflect Fears for the Future
In Frankfurt, Europe’s financial center,
roughly a hundred protesters are currently camped out in front of the European Central Bank, and at least 4,000 more took to the streets again last weekend
to protest the banking system. (Smaller numbers
protested in Berlin.)
The protests, inspired by the Occupy Wall Street movement, have been greeted with some bewilderment by commentators. While the American protests have focused on the nation’s
increasing inequality and wealth disparity, Germany “has one of the most equitable distributions of family income in the world,” according to Foreign Policy magazine. German youth are not saddled with student loan debt, the Wall Street Journal points out, and have a very low
unemployment rate of 9.7 percent.
Trying to explain the reason for protests in a country “
largely unscathed by the global financial crisis,” German newspapers suggested that there was “
bitter disappointment” that state bailouts of banks did not result in reforms to the financial system, or that the protests were
forward-looking, sparked by “young people who are afraid that the
debt crisis is robbing them of their future."
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